Example Of Lets Encrypt - 722 Words

http://www.techrepublic.com/article/how-to-install-and-use-lets-encrypt-on-a-ubuntu-server-for-ssl-security/ https://www.linode.com/docs/security/ssl/install-lets-encrypt-to-create-ssl-certificates https://www.tecmint.com/install-free-lets-encrypt-ssl-certificate-for-apache-on-debian-and-ubuntu/ Synopsys Improving your website security has generally been most complicated and expensive task for every Linux administrator. Let’s Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority that provides free X.509 certificates for Transport Layer Security encryption via an automated process. It is very complex process to install and add an SSL certificate to a web server. You can make it easier with the help of Lets Encrypt. You can easily†¦show more content†¦First, install git with the following command: [shell]sudo apt-get install git -y[/shell] Next, download Lets Encrypt with the following command: [shell]sudo git clone https://github.com/letsencrypt/letsencrypt /opt/letsencrypt[/shell] Next, you will need to generate an SSL certificate for your domain. You can do this with the following command against your domain name as shown below: [shell]cd /opt/letsencrypt[/shell] [shell]sudo ./letsencrypt-auto --apache -d yourdomain.com[/shell] During installation you will need to specify your E-mail address and also agree to the terms of service. Once everything goes fine, you should see the following message:[/shell] [shell] - Congratulations! Your certificate and chain have been saved at /etc/letsencrypt/live/yourdomain.com/fullchain.pem. Your cert will expire on 2016-03-31. To obtain a new version of the certificate in the future, simply run Lets Encrypt again. - Your account credentials have been saved in your Lets Encrypt configuration directory at /etc/letsencrypt. You should make a secure backup of this folder now. This configuration directory will also contain certificates and private keys obtained by Lets Encrypt, so making regular backups of this folder is ideal. - If you like Lets Encrypt, please consider supporting our work by: Donating to ISRG / Lets Encrypt: https://letsencrypt.org/donate Donating to EFF:Show MoreRelatedWhat Is The Responsiveness Of Hosting?1252 Words   |  6 Pagesneeded in the future. The had SSD drives and HTTP/2 and Free SSL with Let’s Encrypt. As a bonus they also offer to transfer your site over for free but I did this myself. So I made the switch to Siteground and documented the results. I used GTMetric to document the results. I realize everyone has their favorite tool and this is mine. I don’t think the tools is as important as using the same tool all the time. For example, Pingdom will show a faster load time than GTMetric. Why? Due to theRead MoreWhy Ssl Is Important Part Of Internet Communication1205 Words   |  5 Pagesand some simple steps to get your own website encrypted. What is SSL? SSL stands for â€Å"secured sockets layer.† Whenever you prefix a domain address with â€Å"HTTPS,† you’re sending encrypted communication across the Internet to a web server. SSL encrypts the communication between the website and your browser, which means that any information you pass over the Internet is jumbled in a way that only the recipient can decipher. Importance of SSL Understanding the mechanics of SSL is difficultRead MoreCryptography Is A Science That Transforms Information Into Secure Form By Providing Basic Protections1697 Words   |  7 Pagesis the focus of this paper. Cryptography is a science that transforms information into secure form by providing basic protections. These protections include confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authentication, and Nonrepudiation (Ciampa 189). Let’s understand the characteristics of information and their description (see table 1). The term â€Å"Cryptography† was originated from Greek. In Greek â€Å"Crypto-† means hidden and â€Å"-grapy† means writing. Simply, cryptography means scrambling data so that itRead MoreV. Issues Regarding The Public Key874 Words   |  4 PagesV. Issues regarding the Public Key Cryptosystem With public keys being unique and the algorithms creating extremely hard to crack encryption. Although with this method, it also is extremely taxing on the computer system to encrypt and decrypt the message. Which is one of the main reasons that private key encryption is still a thing to this day. The reason for this is the whole idea behind a public key cryptosystem. To be able to release the encryption key without revealing the private decryptionRead MoreOptimal Performance Of Java Encryption1414 Words   |  6 Pagesby web application in persistent storage needs to be encrypted so as to avoid any data exposure or chance of hacking. Data encryption is an efficient method of guaranteeing information security. There are many encryption methodologies available to encrypt the data. As Java language used for majority of WEB application development with its good features of portability and object oriented programming, this paper describes about the Java Cryptography Extension (JCE) API and its performance over 128 bitRead MoreAccess Control and Data Updation in Cloud Computing1724 Words   |  7 Pagesservers to provide 24/7 services. The CSP mainly provides two services: data storage and re-encryption. After obtaining the encrypted data from the data owner, the CSP will store the data. On receiving a data access request from a user, the CSP will re-encrypt the ciphertext based on attributes, and return the re-encrypted ciphertext. The data owner outsources a set of data to the cloud. Each piece of data is encrypted before outsourcing. The data owner is responsible for determining the access structureRead MoreThe Basic Concepts Of Cryptography Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pagesthat anyone can encrypt and decrypt messages. Therefore, as long as the communication needs to remain secret, the key must remain secret. How do two parties communicate securely? They encrypt their communications, of course. The complete protocol is more complicated than that. Let’s look at what must happen for Alice to send an encrypted message to Bob. Alice and Bob agree on a cryptosystem. (2) Alice and Bob agree on a key. (3) Alice takes her plaintext message and encrypts it using the encryptionRead More Safety of Online Shopping Through Mathematics Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesInternet is safe? What if someone intercepts the transaction and steals our numbers? Can we trust the Internet? People have been working with coding words and numbers to send secret messages or to keep information private for a very long time. For example, about two thousand years ago, Julius Caesar encrypted the alphabet, called the Caesar Cipher, to send messages. So that even if his enemies intercepted the messages, they wouldn’t be able to read them. However, his simple encryption wasn’t effectiveRead MoreQuadratic Residues Essay768 Words   |  4 PagesAn Identity based Encryption Scheme based on Quadratic Residues Introduction: In Public Key Crypto system, it is required to know the Public Key of Receiver to encrypt the messages. So that receiver can decrypt the message using his/her own private key. This system needs to maintain directories which holds Public Keys of each user. To eliminate the need of maintaining such directories, this paper suggests computing the public key using receiver’s identity such as Email address. However, implementationRead MoreWhat Its Primary Purpose, Functionality, And Processes?786 Words   |  4 Pagesmessages in the form of text, message, GIF and program. A word processor use swap files and automatically back up files. For example: A document is written in MS-word when I save the file with .doc extension MS-word automatically saves a copy with .Bak extension which is nothing but a backup file. Also, whenever I edit the file MS-word will also save the data automatically. Let’s understand what the purpose of using PGP? People who work together need to share confidential data across physical distance

The Main Forces That Transitioned Europe Toward Modernity

Ngo Humanities 4314 Midterm: October 12, 2014 Isser Woloch suggests that the key forces that transitioned Europe toward modernity are associated with four different developments which â€Å"coincided with and reinforced each other in final decades of the eighteenth century: (1) rising population; (2) increased agricultural productivity; (3) a vast increase in commerce, particularly in the exploitation of their colonies by Britain and France; and (4) the expansion of textile manufacturing and the beginnings of its structural transformation in England† (113). Population Growth Prior to the Europe’s sustained growth, Europe struggled as far as keeping growth steady flowing; with that being said, as growth of population would reach its exponential, the population would shortly reach a downfall. The result of contagious diseases, crop failure, and the aftermath of war such as the Thirty Years War had altogether been the cause of a depopulated community. The fluctuation of population may be seen when one looks at the sixteenth century and the seventeenth century; for example, sixteenth century Europe had a rise in population while seventeenth century Europe suffered a significant decline in numbers for population. Europe’s population suffered a downfall when the prices of grain and flour had risen following the law of supply and demand; facing the wraths of high prices and short supply, people would soon become undernourished and starving, possibly trying to fend off hunger byShow MoreRelatedIs Economic Development a Prerequisite of a Functioning Democratic System?3861 Words   |  16 Pageschanging political systems. Since this theory is supposedly a unifying one, a broad sample of countries that should be covered by the hypothesis will be looked at in this essay, mostly comprising the post-fascist and post-communist democracies in Europe, but also incorporating some African and Asian states. To examine the first area then à ¢â‚¬â€œ is there in actual fact a correlation between 1 Seymour Martin Lipset, ‘Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy’Read MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 Pagesthat so many of his friends and colleagues contribute to this volume to recognize Michael’s contributions to academic accounting. I am honoured to join them. Anthony G. Hopwood University of Oxford December 2005 PREFACE ‘ A multitude of forces shape management accounting. From an organizational perspective, decision-makers and other users of accounting information often perceive changes in their information needs. Consequently, providers of accounting information within organizations respond

A discussion on the uniform system in American schools Free Essays

Are pupils in classs Kindergarten through Twelfth given excessively much freedom of pick? Should pupils in classs Kindergarten through Twelfth be required to have on uniforms in school? Many would state that because pupils have freedom of pick, it is a misdemeanor of pupils ‘ rights for the schools to necessitate them to have on uniforms. Because of this people merely look at the negative of uniforms in schools whereas they should look at the positive of uniforms in schools. Uniforms allow pupils to be disciplined and motivated academically every bit good as Teach pupils to show themselves through cognition instead than showing themselves through material ownerships. We will write a custom essay sample on A discussion on the uniform system in American schools or any similar topic only for you Order Now The sentiment of most is that if pupils wear uniforms, so they will non be able to show themselves and demo their individualism. Although it is of import for pupils to show their individualism, they do non necessitate to make so with vesture. A kid ‘s individualism goes farther than what trade name of vesture is on his or her dorsum, and this is why uniforms should be adopted into all schools. The lone job is that non everyone agrees with pupils being required to have on uniforms in schools. In schools across the United States instructors are divided on the determination of whether or non uniforms should be employed into schools. Harmonizing to Axia College hebdomad five reading Constructing an Educational Doctrine ( 2005 ) , † Teacher Dave Oland does non desire uniforms in school because he feels that there are bigger issues that need to be dealt with such as constructing relationships with parents and pupils ( p.366 ) . Peoples about make it sound as though necessitating pupils to have on uniforms is the most tragic thing that could go on to them. Harmonizing to Axia College hebdomad five reading Constructing an Educational Doctrine ( 2005 ) , † Mr. Oland believes that pupils should be encouraged to hold better attitudes on life, society, their hereafter and themselves without being regulated to have on uniforms ( p.366 ) . What is the large trade with pupils have oning uniforms in school, and why do people take a firm stand on comparing school uniforms to that of prison? Harmonizing to the Axia College hebdomad five reading Constructing an Educational Doctrine ( 2005 ) , † Teacher Dave Oland compares pupils have oning uniforms in school to boot cantonments, prisons, and parochial schools ( p.366 ) . The statement is that uniforms in school will merely keep the pupils, and that schools can hold higher trial tonss, less battles, and better subject jobs without integrating uniforms into the schools. With that being said, the issue that needs to be addressed within the local and province schools is the fact that pupils have oning uniforms in school is non merely good to the pupils, but is besides financially good to parents. Children get so wrapped up in what apparels and places are popular among kids their age that they do no privation to concentrate on the existent ground of why they are in school. Students are in school to larn, and when they wear uniforms they are more likely to concentrate more on their faculty members and less on dad civilization. Even though there are schools that require pupils to have on uniforms all the clip, there are some schools that do non desire to set force per unit area on the pupils by necessitating the pupils to have on uniforms full clip. Some schools try to strike a happy medium by merely necessitating their pupils to have on uniforms two or three yearss a hebdomad ( Boutelle, 2008 ) . Students do non acquire the full benefit of uniforms in schools unless they wear uniforms in schools full clip. Harmonizing to Boutelle ( 2008 ) , â€Å" Uniforms offer a assortment of benefits such as uniforms promote school safety and heighten the acquisition environment every bit good as diminish the vesture competition ( p.36 ) . Because uniforms diminish the vesture competition pupils will non be distracted by the new interior decorator denims that Christina has on, or by the newest brace of interior decorator places that Joe merely got for his birthday. Alternatively pupils are able to concentrate on the existent ground of why they are in school which is to acquire an instruction. Another issue that has been eliminated with uniforms in the schools is the issue of pupils have oning vesture that is excessively telling. Harmonizing to Boutelle ( 2008 ) , † With today ‘s manners of minimum frock, female pupils may demo up at school have oning a micro-mini skirt rolled down to expose her belly button and a hackamore top that exposes her middle ( p.34 ) . When female pupils wear vesture that is excessively uncovering to school, non merely is it deflecting for her schoolmates, but it besides invites inappropriate activity. A miss may have on a hackamore top and mini skirt to school because that is the new manner, but what she does non recognize is that manner of vesture may convey her some unwanted attending from the male childs such as perverse comments and name naming. Uniforms non merely extinguish issues for misss every bit far as misss have oning vesture that is excessively telling ; instead uniforms extinguish issues for all adolescents in school. Harmonizing to Boutelle ( 2008 ) , † Uniforms rid schools of pack colourss, every bit good as rids schools of pupils contending over interior decorator jackets and other interior decorator vesture ( p. 36-37 ) . Because of uniforms in school the overall behaviour of pupils has improved so much that there have merely been a few behavior incidents in schools where pupils are required to have on uniforms ( Boutelle, 2008 ) . Without behavior incidents in schools due to uniforms, pupils are able to concentrate more on their surveies. Students have learned that they can show their creativeness both academically and artistically ( Boutelle, 2008 ) . The issue of pupils have oning uncovering vesture and combat over interior decorator vesture has about been wholly eliminated from schools due to uniforms. In other words, pupils express themselves with their cognition, alternatively of with the apparels they wear. Because of this there are some astonishing consequences. Schools that require pupils to have on uniforms can take to improved subject and schoolroom behaviour, increased school attending, regard for instructors, better school public presentation, higher pupil self-esteem and assurance, lower vesture cost, publicity of group spirit, decrease in societal stratification, and lower rates of force and offense. ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006, p.25 ) With the possibility of uniforms work outing all of instruction ‘s jobs, people may inquire why pupils have non already been required to have on uniforms in schools. This is a consequence of the people who are opposed to necessitating pupils to have on uniforms in schools. Those who are opposed to pupils have oning uniforms in schools argue that necessitating school uniforms violates pupils ‘ rights, that uniforms are non responsible for reduced force, that pupils will happen other ways to vie, and that uniforms have no direct bearing on academic accomplishment. ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006, p.25 ) Because of this it may be difficult for schools to make up one’s mind which side is the best for the pupils. For this ground people need to look at the fact, which means they need to look at the schools that have already employed uniforms for pupils in their schools. Harmonizing to Konheim-Kalkstein ( 2006 ) , † A rule from Cherry Hill School reported increased attending, reduced suspensions, less frequent combat, increased trial tonss, and improved school public presentation after pupils began have oning uniforms † ( p.25 ) . There have besides been other schools in different metropoliss that have adopted school uniforms. One illustration of a metropolis that has enforced uniforms in schools is Long Beach where uniforms are required for pupils in classs Kindergarten through Twelfth ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006 ) . Since schools in Long Beach have adopted uniforms, there have been important betterments with the behaviour of pupils. Below is a chart that shows the statistical betterments in a school in Long Beach due to pupils have oning uniforms. The chart below shows how after five old ages of pupils have oning uniforms in schools in Long Beach, California, the bad behaviour of pupils decreased dramatically. Improvements Due to School Uniforms A Uniform Look, by Konheim-Kalkstein, p.25, Copyright 2006 by American School Board Journal. Bad behaviour in the Long Beach schools was progressively bad before the acceptance of uniforms. Five old ages after Long Beach schools adopted uniforms overall offense decreased by 91 % , suspensions decreased by 90 % , sex discourtesies decreased by 96 % , and Vandalism decreased by 69 % ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006 ) . This is entirely should be proof plenty of what good can go on when pupils are required to have on uniforms in school. Along with Long Beach, other metropoliss have besides adopted uniforms in schools. These metropoliss are New York City, Philadelphia, Miami, and Chicago, and as a consequence 37 province legislative assemblies enacted statute law authorising local territories to find their ain unvarying policies ( Konheim-Kalkstein, 2006 ) . Even though all of these metropoliss have adopted uniforms into their schools, pedagogues and the populace are still clearly divided over the execution of such policies in public schools ( Huss, 2007 ) . This is the instance even after people have seen the positive consequence that uniforms have within the pupil organic structure. Despite the dither between the pedagogues and the public pupils do like the thought of uniforms in schools because uniforms give them a sense of group of rank and besides minimise pupil green-eyed monsters and favoritism ( Huss, 2007 ) . Every school has jobs with green-eyed monster and favoritism in one manner or another. If uniforms give pupils a sense of belonging, so why can people non hold that uniforms are a good thing? Harmonizing to Huss ( 2007 ) , † Widening cognition in this country is highly of import because the overall school clime has every bit much to make with acquisition, productive work, and self-concept as does anything else in the educational plan ( p.32 ) . When speech production of uniforms in the educational plan, instructors ‘ sentiments besides need to be heard. Students look up to instructors, and because of this the instructors input can hold a positive consequence on pupils refering uniforms. After uniforms are implemented into schools, instructors have said that they noticed pupils are less concerned abut how they fit in wit their equals, and that pupils are no longer being judged for non have oning the â€Å" right † apparels or for have oning hand-me-downs. ( Huss, 2007, p.36 ) Along with pupils non being judged for their apparels, other instructors have reported that pupils are more enthusiastic about being at school, less riotous during category, and that there have been fewer battles since implementing uniforms in schools ( Huss, 2007 ) . Peoples must non bury that uniforms allow pupils to be disciplined and motivated academically, every bit good as Teach pupils to show themselves through cognition instead than showing themselves through material ownerships. With all the calamity that happens in this universe today, it is of import for pupils to be taught morally right. Meaning it is of import for pupils to be taught about the things that genuinely matter in this universe. Education, self-esteem, self-confidence, self-discipline, and sense of belonging are all facets of life that pupils look for in one manner or another, and this is why pupils need uniforms in their schools. How to cite A discussion on the uniform system in American schools, Essay examples

Apology Essay Example For Students

Apology Essay I am not so certain if Socrates approach to his defense is particularly the brightest one, and it certainly is not an apology as the title has named it, but, there is a certain wisdom in the simple, plain structured arguments he presents. One of the first things he mentions, is for the jury to pardon him, in the case that he should slip into his accustomed way of speaking, just as they would pardon a foreigner for speaking in his accustomed manner. This appears to me to be a wise idea, as it is true, even in todays society that we tend to judge people on face value. People who do not speak English well, as Socrates would not have spoken court language very well, tend to be jusdged as stupid. Socrates next points out that Meletus is not the first man to accuse him. He adresses the fact that men have been accusing him in society, not courts, for many years. In doing so, he again proves himself wise, for he points out to the jury that they are probably predisposed to convict him because they already believe that he is evil, because their fathers and grandfathers have spent years saying so. He points this out, thus probably causing the jury to examine themselves, to realize that they may have already convicted him before he even spoke, and to actually listen to what he says afterward. Through all of this, Socrates continues to claim that he is not wise. This brings into question what the real deffinition of wise is. In Socrates case, he claims that he is not wise, and the oracle must have been referring to him as wise because he knows that he knows nothing for certain. The irony of this, is that he claims to know nothing, and then proves every man he questions or talks to, to know even less than him, or at least not more than Socrates. From a scientific point of view, I can completely understand this way of thinking, that the only way to be wise is to question everything. In science, you must question everything, and accept nothing as complete truth. If scientists had accepted without question that the sun revolved around the earth, or that life spontaneously generated from non-living matter, would we be the technological scince-rich society we are today? In science, you cannot blindly accept knowledge without first investigating it. This is what Socrates is doing, except on a larger scale. He is taking all knowledge, and examining it. In qeustioning Meletus, he again uses the mode of speaking where he examines everything. Although at first reading, it appears that Socrates is merely trying to embarrass and undermine Meletus credibility. However, he never attacks Meletus personal views, but only his definitions relating to the charges he filed against Socrates. In doing so, Socrates, in an understated way proves the charges against him to be false, for how can a person be charged when the accuser does not know how to define the nature of the crimes he is accusing Socrates of doing.

egoism Essays (224 words) - Philosophy Of Life, Egoism,

EGOISM Egoism can be a descriptive or a normative position. Psychological egoism, the most famous descriptive position, claims that each person has but one ultimate aim: her own welfare. Normative forms of egoism make claims about what one ought to do, rather than describe what one does do. Ethical egoism claims that it is necessary and sufficient for an action to be morally right that it maximize one?s self-interest. Rational egoism claims that it is necessary and sufficient for an action to be rational that it maximize one?s self-interest. All forms of egoism require explication of ?self-interest? ( or ?welfare? or ?well-being?). There are two main theories. Preference or desire accounts identify self-interest with the satisfaction of one?s desire. Often, and most plausibly, these desires are restricted to self-regarding desires. What makes a desire self-regarding is controversial, but there are clear cases and counter-cases; a desire for my own pleasure is self-regarding; a desire for the welfare of others is not. Objective accounts identify self-interest with the possession of states (such as virtue or knowledge) that are valued independently of whether they are desired. Hedonism, which identifies self-interest with pleasure, is either a preference or an objective account, according to whether what counts as pleasure is determined by one?s desires.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk essay

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk essay Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk essay Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk essayConstant fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates are the cause of market risk. This information the experts of Costco Wholesale Corporation report in their exposure. The exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates mostly to the company’s investment holdings. They are diversified among various instruments considered to be cash equivalents, such as: short-term investments in government and agency securities. In Report experts corporate notes and bonds with effective maturities of generally three months to five years at the date of purchase. Fundamental tendency of their investment activities is to preserve main and secondarily to generate yields. Company’s short-term investments give majority, that are in fixed interest rate securities – subject to changes in fair value due to interest rate fluctuations. Board of Directors of Costco Wholesale Corporation det ermines the direction that limits investments in the U.S. to direct U.S. government and government agency obligations, as well as the unite asset and mortgage-backed securities with a minimum overall portfolio average credit rating of AA+. International subsidiaries’ investments of Costco Wholesale Corporation denominated in their local currencies. For example, they are Canadian international subsidiaries’ investments, but, firstly they are in money market funds and bank certificates of deposit. Company’s experts fixed the impact that a 100 basis-point change in interest rates would have on the value of their investment portfolio. The incremental change in the fair market value was insignificant. Results of 2012-2013 years can be used as an acknowledgment of this fact.   Experts say, investments, if they are classified as available-for-sale, the unrealized gains, losses related to fluctuations in market volatility and interest rates, they are showed other comp rehensive income, that   include stockholders’ equity in accumulated. Character of Costco Wholesale Corporation and their long-term debt may vary result of future business requirements. And it varies market conditions too. The majority of Corporation’s long-term debt is carried at $4,595 at the end 2013. Fluctuations in interest rates may influence the fair value of the fixed-rate debt.   These fluctuations may influence the interest expense related to the variable rate debt too.Foreign Currency-Exchange RiskCostco Wholesale Corporation’s foreign subsidiaries conform to fixed transactions in their non-functional currencies. They expose Corporation to fluctuations in exchange rates. Costco Wholesale Corporation manages fluctuations and tries to hedge economically the impact of fluctuations of foreign exchange. First of all, contracts intend for economically hedge exposure to U.S. dollar merchandise inventory expenditures. They made by Corporation’s int ernational subsidiaries. Contracts do not qualify for origin hedge accounting. Costco Wholesale Corporation tries to reduce risk with the use of these contracts. Company don’t intend to attract in speculative transactions and don’t to support any credit-risk-related contingent features. Company tries to manage counterparty risk unite with contracts by limiting transactions. It is training effectively mitigates counterparty risk. Contracts last to less than one year, no more.Commodity Price RiskCostco Wholesale Corporation explores to fluctuations in prices for energy that they consume, separates electricity and natural gas. Corporation tries to partially mitigate through fixed-price contracts for certain of their warehouses and other facilities. Company often enters into variable-priced contracts for some purchases of electricity and natural gas. These contracts meet the characteristics of valid instruments, and important qualify for the â€Å"normal purchases or norm al sales† exclusion under authoritative guidance.

Financial and Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial and Strategic Management - Essay Example Firms that are highly leveraged may not continue to pursue debt financing because they are already paying a lot of interest. One of the cons of debt financing is the payment of interest. A positive aspect of debt financing is that the firm does not relinquish any control (Richards, 2011). The use of equity financing can be used to raise money fast. One of the advantages of equity financing is that firm is not obligated to pay back the principal and there are no interests costs associated with the acquisition of money through equity financing. A con of the strategy is that the common stocks sold in the open market by public corporations have voting rights which dilutes the power of ownership. There is no single formula to determine the appropriate mix for a particular project. The mix that will be used by a company will depend on a variety of internal and external factors. For instance when the interest rates in the market are low companies are going to be more persuaded to increase t he use of debt to finance projects. 2) Identify 3-5 sources of funding for projects. You may include budget allocations directly from governments or private sources of finance. What are their relative advantages and disadvantages? There are many sources that can be used to finance a project. Five of those sources are common stocks, preferred stocks, bonds, governmental incentives, and retained earnings.

Medical surgical on discharge planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Medical surgical on discharge planning - Essay Example Discharge planning is about determining what a patient needs for a smooth move from one level of care to the other, as they shift from a hospital surgical ward to recover at home as an outpatient. It is certainly best to prepare a patient for recovery rather than to leave them in the dark to experience new things all by themselves because not knowing can have negative consequences. This write-up presents discharge planning for a patient who has had Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery performed on them in a surgical ward and is preparing to shift to their home. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft surgery (CABG) is a surgical procedure that is performed to open blocked coronary arteries using grafts from a patient’s own arteries or veins located in the leg, arm or chest (Senagore, 2004, Pp. 346 – 352) and (Fuster, 2009, Chapter 65). The grafted arteries or veins replace blocked coronary arteries to restore blood flow to the heart and to present an improved performance by this vital organ, resulting in relief from chest pain, ischemia and an improvement in patient’s quality of life together with expectations of prolonging a patient’s life. However, CBGR is an invasive procedure carried out under general anaesthesia and the patient recovers under intensive care with assisted breathing administered by a mechanical ventilator. Prior to discharge, the patients usually spend a few days under observation in a non-surgical unit and are counselled and prepared for their discharge. Discharge planning refers to the process that is used to determine what a patient needs for a smooth move from one level of care to the other (Birjandi, 2009, Pp. 1 – 2). It is important to understand that discharge planning is not just about assisting patients to arrange for care after leaving a hospital. Discharge planning is about observing, analysing and deciding about how best to assist a patient to continue with their recovery at home after a physician has

Pope Benedict XVI and Enviromental Concerns Term Paper

Pope Benedict XVI and Enviromental Concerns - Term Paper Example of mankind. Admittedly, the only irony is that still, the leader thinks only about the welfare of the mankind; not about the wellbeing of other species. The spiritual leader thinks that the methods of development adopted by the nations are erroneous and are the reasons behind the present day environmental crises. So, it is claimed by the Pope that there is the need to have a long term review of our ‘models of development’. The situation is warranted due to a number of reasons. Firstly, ‘the ecological health of the planet’ is declining, and secondly, there is severe cultural and moral crisis everywhere in the world2. Another important aspect of the environmental view held by Pope Benedict XVI is the realization of the need to unite irrespective of region and religion. In other words, Pope is calling for the unity of all people, all nations, and all cultures to bring about effective changes in the way we deal with environment. Thus, the spiritual leader claim s that only ‘solidarity’ with new rules and forms of engagement can bring about the desired results. Moral decline is linked to environment Being the spiritual leader, Pope considers the present day crisis as the result of moral crises. In other words, the leader claims that all the issues faced by the present-day world are interconnected. To illustrate, the economic, food-related, environmental, and social issues are all the result of moral crises. That means it is high time for the people to adopt a life of ‘sobriety and solidarity’, to adopt such strategies that are useful and to reject the ones that do not work. According to the pope, the present environmental issues arose because humans understood the meaning of god’s command and exploit God’s creation as he wanted to enjoy absolute command over other things in the world. In order to correct this misunderstanding, the pope interpret God’s original command as seen in Genesis, and sa ys that the command does not mean a ‘conferral of authority’. Instead, the pope points out that the command meant a ‘summons to responsibility’. In order to support this position, Pope gives the example of the wisdom of ancients which had recognized the fact that nature is not a ‘heap of scattered refusal which is at our disposal’. Thus, the point the pope wants to put forward is that as Genesis puts it, nature is a gift given by God to man, and he is allowed to ‘till it and keep it’3. Thus, the entire nature belongs to God, and it has its own inbuilt nature. So, the duty of man is to become co-worker of God, not to become tyrants who provoke rebellion in nature. However, as the speech progresses, one can see pope criticizing the unequal distribution of wealth and resources among nations and peoples. Quoting the Second Vatican Ecumenical Council, it is pointed out that ‘God has destined the earth and everything it contains fo r all peoples and nations’4. That means the fruits of the creation are not the property of a few people or nations, but all

Globalisation in Industrial and Engineering Fields

Globalisation in Industrial and Engineering Fields Stephen Glaister Introduction: Globalisation has steered traditional industries into operating global production networks in poor countries with undefined health and safety policy. During the past decades, these countries have seen rapid economic and industrial development due to the implementation of weak policies. This has made leading industries take advantage of less stringent health, safety and environmental controls and procedures. In general, most developing countries have undervalued health and safety regulation with the ultimate aim of attracting new investment (Raj-Reichert, 2013). There has been a growth in health and safety implications in Asian states such as India and China. This essay critically discusses legal, moral and ethical considerations for an organisation in a western economy when it contemplates outsourcing potentially highly hazardous activities to a developing nation where the legal and management controls may be of a lower standard (Chan, 2003). The essay starts with an analysis on the western and developing economies and industries. This is through analysing the composition of industries, industrialisation and globalisation and the economies. The second theme will be based on health and safety law in a national and international context. This is followed by moral and ethical aspects of health and safety management philosophy. Lastly, there is discussion on moral and ethical aspects health and safety development. Western and developing economies and industries: The development of industrialised nations started with the industrial revolution in the 1970s. The developed nations started with the heavy industries, engineering. For example, countries such as Britain were seen as the workshop of the world due to the growth of cotton and iron industries. Heavy industries have a high degree of mechanisation and are capital intensive. The industries have high pollution rates and have a negative impact on the environment. In addition, heavy industries have higher risks compared to the rest of the industries. Most of the traditional industries in the developed countries have moved to the developing countries through outsourcing. This includes the engineering and heavy industries which have a great negative health impact. Developing countries have taken hazardous industries with an aim of industrialisation which has led to negative environmental and health impacts (Raj-Reichert, 2013). Industrialisation and globalisation Globalisation refers to markets integration in the global economy. This is based on an increase in interconnections in the national economics. Globalisation is common in the commodity markets, financial, capital markets, sports and entertainments. Industrialisation is a term used to refer to the industrial revolution which was witnessed in the 19th century. It is one of the most fundamental transformations in the human history marked by the rise of industrial sector (Weiss, 2002). Countries started using machines in carrying out their work which had previously been done by people. Globalisation and industrialisation are interconnected. This is due to fact that the history of industrialisation shows a gradual globalisation process for the past four centuries. Industrialisation acted as the main impetus to globalisation. Through industrialisation, it was possible for social and political transformation which led to a capitalist society which globalisation is based on (Weiss, 2002). Through the open door policy, china was able to take advantage of globalisation and become the best outsourcing centre. China has been able to come up with a strong global outsourcing sector. Most of the industries have outsourced their manufacturing to china due to low costs of labour and industrial interconnectedness (ORourke, 2003). China has acted as an opportunity for the western firms due to the country large population and expanding economy. The country has the fastest growing economy and has limitless low cost labour and competitive production rates. China plays a very important role in the global manufacturing sector with most of the manufactured products being exported (Lin et al., 2008). The country has gained the top position in the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Despite this, the high flow of FDI in the manufacturing sector has led to risks due to poor observance of Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) (Raj-Reichert, 2013). Economies Case: Garment manufacturing and silicon hazard in China With the FDIs flowing to the developing countries, there has been a lot of compromise on health and safety environment. Occupational health and safety is the most vital aspect in the workplace. Most of the industries that have moved to the developing economies in Asia, Africa and South America are associated with health and safety problems. An example is the garment manufacturing in China which is outsourced by major MNCs (Fan, 2015). China has a poor Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) which is based on poor coordination between the ministry responsible, bureaus and departments. A report released from south China province of Guangdong showed that the area was being used to produce about half of the world denim. With the rising trend in the pre-worn look, the denim industry in China has been using the sandblasting technique. This is a process where the denim is distressed through firing of abrasive sand under high pressure. This can be done using a machine or a hose with an air gun. It has been proved that these processes are being done in Chinese denim factories without use of proper safety equipment (Akgun et al., 2008). The outcome can lead to lung diseases such as silicosis which is caused by inhalation of silica dust. In addition, workers in these factories works for long hours without protection hence are exposed to diseases. There are also poor medical check-ups which endangers the employees health (Carter, 2012). Sand blasting by multinationals in China is still in use despite the harmful side effects to the workers health. This leads to unsafe and unhealthy working environment brought about by international firms (Akgun et al., 2008). Legal: Health and safety law in a national and international context Health and safety responsibilities and requirements imposed by law Based on the International Labour Organisation (ILO), there are set standards which an industry must uphold on occupational safety and health. The ILO conventions are aimed at guiding all countries in ensuring a safe workplace and ensuring that there is management of occupational health and safety programs. These conventions and recommendations on occupational health and safety are only legally binding if the member states ratify them. One of the most important ILO conventions on OHS has gained ratification from 37 out of all 175 member states. ILO employment injury benefits convention has been ratified by only 23 countries. This is a convention that lists the occupational diseases in which a worker is entitled to compensation. WHO has played a major role in OHS through provision of the technical aspects. Despite this, the limited funding has always been an impediment in the implementation of WHS laws by both ILO and WHO (International Labour Organisation, 2017). The high reliance on the international agencies to enforce OHS laws on the developing countries has been inadequate. This is due to fact that developing countries such as China have poor OHS laws and sees it as an exercise for the developed countries (Chan, 2003). Despite committing to several ILO conventions, China national WHS laws are weak and there have been poor enforcement. This is unlike the developed countries such as UK, Australia and USA which have strong domestic labour laws (International Labour Organisation, 2017). Worldwide influence and impacts of health and safety law Case: Toys outsourcing in China limitation, benefits and disparities Despite having global health and safety laws by the ILO, there has been laxity in their implementation especially in the developing countries. An example is China, which has been ignoring workplace health and safety laws in their FDIs. It has been proved that Chinese workers have been losing their lives working in the FDIs due to lack of OHS. China agreed to many of the ILO standards which were enacted in 2002 and also came up with their own standards. China laws calls for employees to be safe in their workplace. Despite this, the laws have not been enforced where economic goals have been given a priority (Chan, 2003). A case in point is the Chinese toys factories which are outsourced from USA. The factories can be considered as sweatshops where workers are paid poorly in poor working conditions. Inside these sweatshops, workers make products for American multinationals such as McDonalds, Mattel and Disney (Barboza, 2008). This has been a result of industrial interconnectedness broug ht about by globalisation. The main limitations are the fact that developing countries are ready to forego employees safety for the sake of profits. These countries lack proper structures on enforcing WHS laws as proposed by ILO. The main benefits are the fact that they provide employment to the citizens and the country is able to gain FDI. In addition, the Americans market is able to gain cheap products from these sweatshops. All this happens at the expense of workers health. There have been death, amputations and illness in the toy factories. Workers are exposed to toxic chemicals hence life threatening diseases (Lin et al., 2008). This is a case that led to lawsuits in America due to workers exploitation and exposure to unsafe working environment. National and international standards, policy and legislation There are major differences between developed and developing countries health and ethics. In developing countries, most of the workers are not covered by occupational health and safety laws. Moreover they lack access to the occupational health services. While some of the developing countries have adopted the international labour standards, they do not enforce them. An example is china which despite adopting ILO standards, it have not been implementing them (Chan, 2003). On the other hand, developed countries have strong OHS and labour laws. An example is the UK and USA. In the UK, Health and Safety Executive (HSE) have been working with the international bodies and other nations to enhance OHS. This includes developing, reviewing and negotiation on the international labour laws, safety codes and OHS. The country is well represented in various labour forums internationally. Developed countries are able to fully implement ILO and WHO standards. Despite this, when developed countries ou tsource, there have been cases where morals and ethics are lost. This is through investing in countries such as China which have questionable labour relations and environmental laws. Moral and Ethical: Health and safety management philosophy Evolution and background to health and safety management Case: China and Australia mining industry The evolution of health and safety management over the past 60 years has been caused by the social, political, economic and technological changes. Since the creation of the ILO in 1919, the protection of workers against sickness and injury related to their workplaces has been a priority. In fact, over 80% of the ILO instruments are based on ensuring occupational health and safety (International Labour Organisation, 2017). The management of health and safety has been improving to cover the social security, women, children on the issues of health and safety. This is especially in the developed countries with the developing countries lagging behind. A comparison between China and Australia mining industries gives insight on the evolution and background to health and safety management in developing and developed countries. This is due to accidents which can lead to death, injury or loss of property. In China, mining related fatalities accounted for about 10% of workplace fatalities in 20 06. This was 1000 times higher than developed countries such as Australia or USA. The main problem with Chinese health and safety at workplace is poor adoption of OHS laws (Wu et al., 2011). The country also suffers from inefficient management of workplace health and safety. Research shows that most of the workplace fatalities in china can be avoided through proper management of workplace health and safety. This is a sharp contrast to the developed countries where there is proper management of workplace health and safety. While Australia has been able to adopt and evolve with the WHS, China has been lagging behind (Lin et al., 2008). For example, Australia was able to adopt ILO conventions early and integrate them with their national health and safety laws. Australia has been more responsible in their workers health in the workplace compared to china (Donoghue, 2004). Health and safety management control models- ISO 18001/45001, and Hazardous Installations Directorate (HID) regulatory model Over the past 20 years, there have been increases in outsourcing activities. Research has shown that outsourcing in most cases leads to adverse impacts on the OHS (ORourke, 2003). This is especially due to fact that most of the outsourced countries have poor workplace health and safety laws exposing their workers to hazards. Hazardous waste management is risky due to financial, regulatory and safety requirements. This has led to most of the companies dealing with hazardous wastes to outsource in countries with less strict health and safety laws. Hazardous Installations Directorate (HID) has been dealing with regulation of major hazard industries which plays an essential role in everyday life. These are industries whose failure can lead to extensive damage to public and endanger workers and public health. The HID utilises a regulatory to regulate associated hazards and manage them (HSE, 2016b). OHS 18001 became ISO 45001 in 2016. This helped in making it an international standard rath er than a UK standard hence widening its scope. Based on the ISO/DIS 45001 Clause 8.3, it has become possible for the standard to control processes which are based on outsourcing. This ensures that outsourced processes which affect health and safety are well controlled. The firms are expected to minimise the health and safety impacts of their outsourced services (Batalas, 2014a). Companies outsourcing their services can no longer ignore health and safety of their outsourced processes. They must consider the risks involved and means to control them. Health and safety implementation and communication The world richest countries have been outsourcing hazardous materials, products and activities from the developing countries. This has led to a rising hazards in the developing countries. Most of the developing countries have been welcoming the move with disregard to the health and safety impacts. An example is China and India where hazardous industries have been set up with poor health and safety regulations (Chan, 2003). Despite this, the process of outsourcing to the developing countries has led to an improvement in social economic. There has been intense lobbying for MNCs outsourcing hazardous materials from the developing countries to observe health and safety. This has led to countries such as UK using the ISO 45001 and HID to ensure MNCs are responsible (HSE, 2016b). WHO have been advocating and communicating with the responsible governments to uphold health and safety when outsourcing hazardous materials. Moral and Ethical: Health and safety development Organisational Corporate Social Responsibility report Case: Apple and Sinopec CSR comparisons The concept of CSR, its meanings and practices varies based on the country cultural, political, social, economic and existing institutional framework. In China, companies have a different type of CSR reporting compared to western companies. This can be well illustrated by a comparison of CSR for Apple Computers of USA with Sinopec of China. Sinopec is a large integrated energy company in china. The corporation business ranges from oil exploration to producing and trading in gas and petroleum. Sinopec has always looked at CSR as a tool for business growth for the group. The company has worked to ensure that while looking for the profits, they do not compromise on the environment. The firm has worked hard to ensure that there is a reduction in harmful gas discharges. This is one of the most ethical Chinese organisations. Sinopec has a low carbon development strategy which has helped on reducing CO2 emissions. Despite this, the firm lags behind in OHS compared to Western countries count erparts (Pegg, 2012). Apple success been attributed to their ability to meet stakeholders needs. Despite this, Apple strategy is different from Sinopec in some ways. For example, the level of stakeholders engagement in Apple is higher than for Sinopec. The company have prioritised their customers by coming up with quality products. Employees at apple are well catered for through appropriate compensation and safe working environment. The employees working conditions are safe and in most cases flexible. This leads to a work life balance that cannot be obtained in companies such as Sinopec. Through a supplier code of conduct, the company ensures that the supply chain is safe and free from OHS. Despite this, the company have in past faced criticism due to outsourcing in countries with poor workplace health and safety. This is especially due to child labour and sweatshops. A report filed showed that Apple had failed to protect their workers in China. The report showed that workers were standing for hours, unde rage workers and poor OHS at the Petagron factories in Shanghai (Chan, Pun Selden, 2013). Industrial and organisational health and safety climates and cultures (differences, benefits and downfalls) Safety climate refers to the value given to safety in a given organisation. The health and safety climate involves values attitudes and patterns showed by an organisation in respect to health and safety. The 1986 Chernobyl disaster led to the rise of safety culture. In addition, organisation cultures have an impact on safety. This is where the existing safety culture determines the approach taken to ensure health and safety of workers. Safety culture refers to the organisation climate for safety and how it impacts behaviours in the organisation. Safety culture and climate have continued to evolve and at the moment, they both ensure safety in modern day organisations. Through the safety culture, individual values, attitudes, competencies and behaviour helps in determining the level of commitment in safety management. Safety climate is based on the existing policies, practices and procedures which help in safety. Organisation with good safety culture and climate are able to offer a saf e work environment. This is through having a positive safety culture to enhance safety performance (Mearns Flin, 1999). Health and safety training, knowledge and initiatives (health and safety schemes introduced in developing countries) With globalisation, the rise of FDI in the developing countries has led to a concern on health and safety. This is due to poor OHS in the developing countries and lack of health and safety laws. As the workplace become more complex and demanding there is need to learn on how to prevent injuries and illness. The developing countries have been lacking awareness, training and specialisation in occupational health and safety. WHO has been calling for occupational health for all to ensure a healthy workplace (Robson et al., 2007). Based on the WHO guidelines, people have rights to have the highest standard of health. There is need to improve on the occupational health and safety with an aim of protecting and promoting livelihoods and improvement of public health. The poorest are the most affected by poor occupational health and safety standards hence the need to improve them. Occupational injury and health increases poverty in developing countries. This calls for the need to train workers on the developing countries on OHS awareness, giving attention to work related health and poverty, regulations. There is need for international stakeholders to formulate new and innovative strategies that will lead to improve on health and safety initiatives (Lund Marriott, 2011). Conclusion: To sum up, globalisation has led to traditional heavy industrial and engineering fields moving towards the developing countries. The traditional industries are at the moment found in most of developing countries located in Asia, South America and Africa. Despite the economic benefits, the move of organisations based in western countries to developing countries has led to occupational and health hazards. This is especially in cases of organisations which have been outsourcing potentially hazardous activities to developing nations where legal and management controls may be of lower standards. Countries such as china have been lowering their legal and management standards with an aim of attracting FDIs. This has negative impacts on employees health which is ignored at the expense of profits. ILO and WHO have been working to ensure that workers globally are in a safe work environment. Despite this, countries such as China have failed to implement ILO conventions despite ratifying them. S ome of these countries lack national health and safety laws. An example is the case of Chinese toy factories which are owned by American multinationals. In these factories, workers were exposed to hazardous chemicals due to china lack of workplace health and safety laws. Through Hazardous Installations Directorate (HID), it was possible for UK to control the industries dealing with hazardous materials and ensure workers and public safety. This has been enhanced by the ISO 45001 which has catered for health of workers in firms outsourcing hazardous materials. This is through a international approach. There is a difference in CSR between the developing and developed countries. In developing countries, companies such as Apple have a strong CSR in accordance with international laws. This differs with countries such as China where CSR is still developing. 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Disciplinary Spanking Is Not Child Abuse Essay -- Effective Use of Cor

Child abuse is an issue within society that effects the lives of not only the victims but also the lives of many people in the social order. Child abuse is any mistreatment or neglect of a child that results in non-accidental injury or harm and which cannot be logically explained. There are several forms of abuse and neglect and many state governments have developed their own legal description of what constitutes child maltreatment for the purposes of removing a child and prosecuting a criminal charge. Child abuse consists of different forms of harm including physical, emotional, sexual, and neglect. Physical abuse is any non-accidental physical injury to a child. Physical abuse is an injury that results from physical aggression. Types of physical abuse can consist of beating, whipping, hitting, pinching, biting, or spanking. Spanking is the most used, traditional form of physical punishment, consisting in a beating applied on the buttocks. It involves striking the buttocks repeatedly, usually as a physical punishment, with an open hand. Spanking can also be implemented including belts, whips, rods, paddles, or any other household item. Educators and parents usually administer spankings to children. Spanking usually refers to a child lying, stomach down, across the educator's lap and the parent or teacher repeatedly swatting the child's backside. The issue of spanking is whether it is justifiable or an act of child abuse. Some child specialists, such as Christine Walsh and Michael Boyle, argue that if a parent must administer a spanking, it should not be through anger and only as a last option when other forms of discipline have been deemed unsuccessful. They say that for a spanking to be instructive it must be... ...their child while obviously angered, that emotion is likely to be very noticeable to the child. Unfortunately, that anger is all too likely to become attached to the punishment, resulting in the unwanted link of: mad parent = pain. A serene, calm parent is very much less likely to turn out to be an active part of the negative memory. Obviously, this is completely up to the judgment of the parent, but I have a tendency to concur that not only is spanking less likely to be abused if lightly applied, but also it maintains a better influence when it is applied. I would declare only when there clearly doesn't seem to be any other way of getting through to the child. Spanking is unquestionably not the only effective punishment, and perhaps not even the best, nevertheless I consider it to be effective, when applied carefully, in relation with other teaching mechanisms.